Objective:

To summarize recent advancements in the treatment of keratoconus, focusing on management strategies that limit disease progression and optimize vision, particularly through early intervention.

Key Findings:

• Corneal crosslinking can slow or halt keratoconus progression, significantly reducing the need for transplants.
• Scleral lenses provide significant visual rehabilitation for many patients, although some may still struggle with fit.
• New surgical techniques (CAIRS and CTAK) offer less invasive options for reshaping the cornea, which may improve patient quality of life.

Interpretation:

Early diagnosis and treatment of keratoconus are crucial to prevent progression and improve patient outcomes, highlighting a shift towards proactive management rather than reactive transplantation.

Limitations:

• Epi-off crosslinking can cause discomfort and delayed healing, impacting patient adherence to treatment.
• Not all patients achieve vision improvement post-crosslinking, necessitating alternative solutions.
• Some patients may still be unable to wear contact lenses despite treatment, limiting their options.

Conclusion:

Keratoconus management has evolved significantly, allowing patients to avoid transplantation through early intervention and innovative treatments, underscoring the need for continued research.