Top Institutions in Ophthalmology/Endocrinology
Institutions leading in TED research and treatment typically have integrated ophthalmology and endocrinology departments with strong autoimmune disease research programs and clinical trials in novel biologics targeting IGF-1R pathways.
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#1
Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
Boston, MA
Massachusetts Eye and Ear is a world leader in orbital disease research and clinical trials, with pioneering studies on the pathophysiology of TED and early clinical development of IGF-1R antagonists.
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#2
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, MD
Johns Hopkins has a robust program in autoimmune endocrinology and ophthalmology, contributing significant research on TED pathogenesis and novel therapeutic targets including IGF-1R.
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#3
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Mayo Clinic offers comprehensive care for TED patients and leads clinical research on biologic therapies targeting IGF-1R, with a strong focus on patient outcomes and translational science.
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#4
University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Medical Center
San Francisco, CA
UCSF has a strong research focus on autoimmune mechanisms in TED and has contributed to understanding IGF-1R signaling in orbital fibroblasts, supporting development of targeted therapies.